Roosevelt issued Executive Order 8802, to desegregate the defense industry, and Executive Order 9346 to end racial segregation and discrimination in hiring and promotion among federal agencies and defense contractors. In 1935, the NACA had established a section of women mathematicians, who performed complex calculations. During the 14 years of her teaching career, Virginia's public schools and other facilities were still racially segregated under Jim Crow laws. Although encouraged by professors to do graduate study at Howard University, Vaughan worked as a mathematics teacher at Robert Russa Moton High School in Farmville, Virginia, in order to assist her family during the Great Depression. Vaughan graduated from Wilberforce University in 1929. Vaughan was very devoted to family and the church, which would play a huge factor in whether she would move to Hampton, Virginia, to work for NASA. The family also lived with Howard's wealthy and respected parents and grandparents on South Main Street in Newport News, Virginia. The couple moved to Newport News, Virginia, where they had six children: Ann, Maida, Leonard, Kenneth, Michael and Donald. In 1932, she married Howard Vaughan, who died in 1955. at Wilberforce and graduated in 1929 with a B.A. She joined the Zeta chapter of Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, Inc. Sunday School Convention to attend Wilberforce University in Wilberforce, Ohio.
Vaughan received a full-tuition scholarship from West Virginia Conference of the A.M.E. At the age of seven, her family moved to Morgantown, West Virginia, where she graduated from Beechurst High School in 1925 as her class valedictorian. She was the daughter of Annie and Leonard Johnson. Vaughan was born September 20, 1910, in Kansas City, Missouri, as Dorothy Jean Johnson. In 2019, Vaughan was honored with the Congressional Gold Medal posthumously. It was adapted as a biographical film of the same name, also released in 2016. Vaughan is one of the women featured in Margot Lee Shetterly's history Hidden Figures: The Story of the African-American Women Who Helped Win the Space Race (2016). She later headed the programming section of the Analysis and Computation Division (ACD) at Langley. During her 28-year career, Vaughan prepared for the introduction of computers in the early 1960s by teaching herself and her staff the programming language of Fortran. She later was promoted officially to the position of supervisor. In 1949, she became acting supervisor of the West Area Computers, the first African-American woman to receive a promotion and supervise a group of staff at the center. Dorothy Jean Johnson Vaughan (Septem– November 10, 2008) was an American mathematician and human computer who worked for the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA), and NASA, at Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia.
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